{"id":96224,"date":"2021-03-31T13:43:42","date_gmt":"2021-03-31T09:43:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shuoon.om\/?p=96224"},"modified":"2021-03-31T18:03:20","modified_gmt":"2021-03-31T14:03:20","slug":"%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%85%d9%87%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b6%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%b4%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shuoon.om\/?p=96224","title":{"rendered":"\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631.. \u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u062f. \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 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\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a (Cleuziou 2000: 24).<br>\u2022 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a.<br>\u2022 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 (RJ- 27)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1990\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f (Cleuziou &amp; Tosi 2000: 24- 26).<br>\u2022 \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0632 (RJ- 40 &amp; RJ- 42)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0634\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 (Cleuziou &amp; Tosi 2000: 24- 26).<br>\u2022 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0632 (RJ- 1 &amp; RJ- 40 &amp; RJ- 2)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 (RJ- 2) \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 (RJ- 40) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 (HD- 6) \u0628\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f (\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a 2012: 109- 110(\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0648\u064a 2007: 164- 165(\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 (RJ- 6) \u0628\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0648\u064a 2007: 166(.<br>\u2022 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a (HD- 1 &amp; HD- 5 &amp; HD- 99 &amp; HD- 4) \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0629 (RJ- 2) \u0628\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0632\u060c (\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a 2012: 250- 254\u060c Azzara &amp; Rorre 2019: 25- 47).\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f (\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a 2012: 268- 270)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f (\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2008: 59- 94).<br>\u2022 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 (2000- 1000 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f) \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 (RJ- 1) \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2000- 1300 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f) (\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a 2012: 272- 285)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064a (RJ- 6 &amp; RJ- 21) (Cleuziou &amp; Tosi 2000: 66- 67). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 (HD- 9) \u0628\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f (\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a 2012: 301- 309)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0646 (HD- 21 &amp; HD- 60) \u0628\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b (\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a 2012: 315)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 (RJ- 33) \u0628\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a (Cleuziou &amp; Tosi 2000: 40-41).<br>\u2022 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a (3000 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 (200 \u0646\u0635\u0628)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f (HD- 6)\u060c \u0648 (HD- 10)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0632 (RJ- 31 &amp; RJ- 27) (\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a 2012: 134- 140(. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0632 (RJ- 6) \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 (3000 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 (RJ- 26) \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0632 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0631 (3200- 2700 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 (350 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 (23 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 (RJ- 27)\u060c \u0648 (31 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0632 (RJ- 31) (cleuoziou &amp; Tosi 2000: 26)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 (2700- 2000 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f) \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064a (RJ- 11 &amp; RJ- 1) (\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a 2012: 142- 154).<br>\u2022 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631 (\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 300 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0631) \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2350- 2200 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f)\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 2009).<br>\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0641 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0641\u0629) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0632 (RJ- 2)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0631) \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0646\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0635\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 (Cleuziou &amp; Tosi 2000: 38- 42).<br>\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f (\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a 2012: 160- 162)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a (Cleuziou &amp; Tosi 2000: 44).<br>\u2022 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0630 (2600 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646 (\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a 2012: 241- 242)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0632 (RJ- 2)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0638\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a) \u0628\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u062e\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a (2300 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f) (Cleuziou &amp; Tosi 2000:52- 53).<br>\u2022 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0641\u064a 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\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: <\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0648 (2010): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0635: 99- 133.<\/li><li>\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0648 (2017): \u0628\u0632\u0648\u063a \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 8\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 3\u060c \u0635: 57- 69.<\/li><li>\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0633 (2001): \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0633 (2003): \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0638\u0628\u064a.<\/li><li>\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a (2013): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 2007\u0645)\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 17\u060c \u0635:15- 50.<\/li><li>\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062c \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a (2012): \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/li><li>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e ( 2000): \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0638\u0628\u064a.<\/li><li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0648\u064a (2012): \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0635: 117- 162.<\/li><li>\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0648\u064a (2007): \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 (1985): \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/li><li>\u0642\u0635\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a (2017): \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642.<\/li><li>\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0644. \u062c.\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0632\u0631\u060c \u062c. \u0634\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0623. \u0645.\u060c \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0633. \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0623. (2008): \u0637\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 15\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 13)\u060c \u0635: 59- 94.<\/li><li>\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0632 \u0633. \u0628. (1990): \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/li><li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a (2018): \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627 (1985): \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a.<\/li><li>\u0645\u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628 (1969): \u0635\u0648\u0631: \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 (2009): \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/li><li>\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644 (2017): \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Charpentier, V. (1994): Specialised Production at Regional Scale in Bronze Age Arabia: Shell Rings from Ras Al-Junayz Area (Sultanate of Oman). In South Asian Archaeology, Helsinki 1993, K. Koskemienni and A. Parpola Eds. Vol. 1, Suomalainen Tiedakatemian Toimituksia ser. B tom 271, Suomalainen Tiedakatemian, Helsinki: 157- 70.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cleuziou, S., Gnoli, G., Robin, C., and Tosi, M. (1994): Cachets inscrits de la fin de, 1 Age du Bronze a Ras al- Junayz (Oman) Compte rendus de I Academie des inscriptions et belles lettres: 453- 68.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cleuziou, S., Reade, J. and Tosi, M. (1990): The Joint Hadd Project, Summary Report on the Third Season (October 1987- February 1988), Mimeo, ERA 30 of CNRS and IsMEO, Paris and Rome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Serge Cleuziou &amp; Maunizio Tosi (1986): The Joint Hadd Project, Summary Report on the First Season, December 1985. Mimeo., ERA 30du CRA, CNRS et Istituto Universitario Orientale, Paris and Naples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Serge Cleuziou &amp; Maunizio Tosi (1988): The Joint Hadd Project, Summary Report on the Second Season, November 1986- January 1987, Mimeo., ERA 30 of CRA, CNRS and IUON, Paris and Naples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Serge Cleuziou &amp; Maunizio Tosi (1994): Black Boats of Magan. Some Thoughts on Bronze- Age Water Transport in Oman and beyond from the Impressed Bitumen Slabs of Ras Al- Junayz. In South Asian Archaeology, Helsinki 1993, A. Parpola and P.&nbsp; Koskikallio Eds., Vol II, Suomalainen Tiedakatemain Toimituksia ser. B, tom 271, Suomalainen Tiedakatemia, Helsinki: 745-61.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Serge Cleuziou &amp; Maunizio Tosi (1997): Evidence for the use of aromatics in the Early Bronze Age of Oman: Period III at RJ-2 (2300- 2200 BC), In: A. Avanzini (ed). Profumi d Arabia: 57- 81. Rome: L Erma di Breitshneider.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Serge Cleuziou &amp; Maunizio Tosi (2000): Ras Al-Jinz and the Prehistoric Coastal Cultures of the Jalan, <a>The Journal of Oman Studies, volume 11, Page: 19- 73<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tom Vosmer (2000): Model of Third Millennium BC Reed Boat Based on evidence from Ras al- Jinz, The Journal of Oman Studies, volume 11, Page: 149- 152.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vosmer Thomas E. (1996): Watercraft and navigation in the Indian ocean: an evolutionary perspective, In: G. Afanas ev. S. Cleuziou, J. R. Lukacs &amp; M. Tosi, (eds.), The Prehistory of the Asia and Oceania: 223- 242. Forli: ABACO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Valentina M. Azzara &amp; Alexandre P. De Rorre (2019): The First Excavation Season at the Early Bronze Age Settlement of Ras Al Jinz RJ- 3., the Journal of Oman Studies, Vol. 20: 25- 47.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"493\" height=\"713\" src=\"https:\/\/shuoon.om\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/D9A2D9A0D9A2D9A1D9A0D9A3D9A3D9A0_D9A0D9A6D9A0D9A0D9A3D9A8.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-96219\" srcset=\"https:\/\/shuoon.om\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/D9A2D9A0D9A2D9A1D9A0D9A3D9A3D9A0_D9A0D9A6D9A0D9A0D9A3D9A8.jpg 493w, https:\/\/shuoon.om\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/D9A2D9A0D9A2D9A1D9A0D9A3D9A3D9A0_D9A0D9A6D9A0D9A0D9A3D9A8-207x300.jpg 207w, https:\/\/shuoon.om\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/D9A2D9A0D9A2D9A1D9A0D9A3D9A3D9A0_D9A0D9A6D9A0D9A0D9A3D9A8-290x420.jpg 290w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 493px) 100vw, 493px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"596\" height=\"405\" src=\"https:\/\/shuoon.om\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/D9A2D9A0D9A2D9A1D9A0D9A3D9A3D9A0_D9A0D9A6D9A0D9A1D9A5D9A3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-96220\" srcset=\"https:\/\/shuoon.om\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/D9A2D9A0D9A2D9A1D9A0D9A3D9A3D9A0_D9A0D9A6D9A0D9A1D9A5D9A3.jpg 596w, https:\/\/shuoon.om\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/D9A2D9A0D9A2D9A1D9A0D9A3D9A3D9A0_D9A0D9A6D9A0D9A1D9A5D9A3-300x204.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 596px) 100vw, 596px\" \/><figcaption>\u0634\u0643\u0644: \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0632(RJ-2 ) \u0645\u0628\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0648 (2200 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"484\" height=\"433\" src=\"https:\/\/shuoon.om\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/D9A2D9A0D9A2D9A1D9A0D9A3D9A3D9A0_D9A0D9A6D9A0D9A1D9A1D9A9.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-96221\" srcset=\"https:\/\/shuoon.om\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/D9A2D9A0D9A2D9A1D9A0D9A3D9A3D9A0_D9A0D9A6D9A0D9A1D9A1D9A9.jpg 484w, https:\/\/shuoon.om\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/D9A2D9A0D9A2D9A1D9A0D9A3D9A3D9A0_D9A0D9A6D9A0D9A1D9A1D9A9-300x268.jpg 300w, https:\/\/shuoon.om\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/D9A2D9A0D9A2D9A1D9A0D9A3D9A3D9A0_D9A0D9A6D9A0D9A1D9A1D9A9-469x420.jpg 469w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 484px) 100vw, 484px\" \/><figcaption>\u0634\u0643\u0644: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 2009 . <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"583\" height=\"727\" src=\"https:\/\/shuoon.om\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/D9A2D9A0D9A2D9A1D9A0D9A3D9A3D9A0_D9A0D9A5D9A5D9A9D9A4D9A8.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-96222\" srcset=\"https:\/\/shuoon.om\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/D9A2D9A0D9A2D9A1D9A0D9A3D9A3D9A0_D9A0D9A5D9A5D9A9D9A4D9A8.jpg 583w, https:\/\/shuoon.om\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/D9A2D9A0D9A2D9A1D9A0D9A3D9A3D9A0_D9A0D9A5D9A5D9A9D9A4D9A8-241x300.jpg 241w, https:\/\/shuoon.om\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/D9A2D9A0D9A2D9A1D9A0D9A3D9A3D9A0_D9A0D9A5D9A5D9A9D9A4D9A8-337x420.jpg 337w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 583px) 100vw, 583px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0634\u0643\u0644: \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f. \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1998\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 (780,000- 130,000) \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u062a (\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a 2012: 38). \u0648\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u062c\u0631\u0641 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a 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